Pdf lesen The American Street Gang: Its Nature, Prevalence, and Control (Studies in Crime and Public Policy)
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When the Soviet Union collapsed, the White House announced with great fanfare that 100 FBI counterintelligence agents would be reassigned. Their new target: street gangs. Americans--filled with fear of crack-dealing gangs--cheered the decision, as did many big-city police departments. But this highly publicized move could be an experience in futility, suggests Malcolm Klein: for one thing, most street gangs have little to do with the drug trade. The American Street Gang provides the finest portrait of this subject ever produced--a detailed accounting, through statistics, interviews, and personal experience, of what street gangs are, how they have changed, their involvement in drug sales, and why we have not been able to stop them. Klein has been studying street gangs for more than thirty years, and he brings a sophisticated understanding of the problem to bear in this often surprising book. In contrast to the image of rigid organization and military-style leadership we see in the press, he writes, street gangs are usually loose bodies of associates, with informal and multiple leadership. Street gangs, he makes clear, are quite distinct from drug gangs--though they may share individual members. In a drug-selling operation tight discipline is required--the members are more like employees--whereas street gangs are held together by affiliation and common rivalries, with far less discipline. With statistics and revealing anecdotes, Klein offers a strong critique of the approach of many law enforcement agencies, which have demonized street gangs while ignoring the fact that they are the worst possible bodies for running disciplined criminal operations--let alone colonizing other cities. On the other hand, he shows that street gangs do spur criminal activity, and he demonstrates the shocking rise in gang homicides and the proliferation of gangs across America. Ironically, he writes, the liberal approach to gangs advocated by many (assigning a social worker to a gang, organizing non-violent gang activities) can actually increase group cohesion, which leads to still more criminal activity. And programs to erode that cohesion, Klein tells us from personal experience, can work--but they require intensive, exhausting effort. Street gangs are a real and growing problem in America--but the media and many law enforcement officials continue to dispense misleading ideas about what they are and what they do. In The American Street Gang, Malcolm Klein challenges these assumptions with startling new evidence that must be understood if we are to come to grips with this perceived crisis.
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Youth Gangs and Definitional Issues: When is a Gang a Gang ~ The recent explosion in gang research has highlighted the importance of consistent definitions for gang affiliation and gang-related crime. Definitional questions have assumed greater significance in the wake of broad-ranging prevention and intervention strategies. In this article, the authors utilize a sample of approximately 6,000 middle-school students to examine the youth gang phenomenon .
History of Gangs in the United States ~ American families into high-rise public housing in East Harlem. ¡ During the 1980s, new Asian and nonâPuerto Rican Latino immigrants populated gangs. Midwest Region (mainly Chicago) First period: 1860sâ1920s ¡ Chicagoâs first street gangs developed among White immigrants along ethnic lines in the 1860sâ particularly Irish, German, and Lithuanian people. ¡ In the 1920s, gangs became .
FACTORS INFLUENCING YOUTH CRIME AND JUVENILE DELINQUENCY ~ In those streets they latter committed crimes to survive, they were involved in petty offences like stealing goods or properties whose value were less than Kshs 500. This finding on poverty as a cause of crime among the young people confirms the opinion of Thomas R. Forstenzer, in his article âTomorrow in North America: Youth between the American dream and realityâ, in The Twentieth .
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Measuring the Extent of Gang Problems ~ Analysis for this section pertains only to law enforcement agencies reporting gang problems. Please see the Prevalence of Gang Problems section.. Number of Gang-Related Homicides * * Because of the many issues surrounding the maintenance and collection of gang-crime data, caution is urged when interpreting the results presented below. For more information regarding this issue, see: www .
National Gang Center⢠~ As a means to strengthen communitiesâ abilities to address youth gang involvement, (OJJDP) launched the National Youth Gang Center (NYGC) in 1995. In 2003, BJA launched the NGC to provide law enforcement with specialized training for countering street gang crime. In October 2009, the (NYGC) merged with the NGC.This unification signified a recognition that street gang activities transcend .
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Countries Compared by Crime > Total crimes. International ~ Between 1993 and 2002, the violent crime rate declined 54 percent and the property crime rate decreased by 50 percent. <p> This decrease is even more dramatic when you consider that an estimated 49 percent of violent crimes and 40 percent of property crimes were reported to police. In 1993, reporting rates were estimated at 43 percent for violent crimes and 34 percent for property crimes.
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